Tips of TOEFL ITP Preparation series part 3

1.  

Penggunakan Participle dalam kalimat
Tips of TOEFL  ITP Preparation

Present participle, past participle, perfect participle

1) present participle

The present participle is often used when we want to express an active action.
In English we add -ing to the infinitive of the verb.

Use of the present participle

Progressive/ Continuous tense	He is reading a book.
	He was reading a book.
Gerund	Reading books is fun.
	He likes reading books.
Participle	Look at the reading boy.
	He came reading around the corner.
	He sat reading in the corner.
	I saw him reading.

2-1) past participle

The present participle is often used when we want to express a passive action.
In English we add -ed to the infinitive of regular verbs. We use the 3rd column of the table of the irregular verbs.

Use of the past participle

Perfect tenses	He has forgotten the pencil.
	He had forgotten the pencil.
Passive voice	A house is built.
	A house was built.
Participle	Look at the washed car.
	The car washed yesterday is blue.
	He had his car washed.

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2-2) Compounds with the past participle

This combination is also known as perfect participle. It is used to form an active sentence with the past participle. There is a time gap between the actions.
past participle and having

Having read the book the boy came out of the room.

One action happened after the other.

present participle

The boy came reading out of the room.

Both actions happened at the same time.

Use the words in brackets as participles in the gaps.

Example: _________ news (surprise)

 surprising news

1) a boy (wait)

2) an story (interest)

3) a car (break)

4) the pizza (forget)

5) the father (work)

6) I saw him . (go)

7) the computer (repair)

8) the students (talk)

9) fans (excite)

10) the girl next door (live)

Put in the verbs in brackets as participles present participle or past participle into the gaps.

Example: I talked to the man _______ the newspaper.

Answer: I talked to the man reading the newspaper.

1) He saw his friend (go) out with Sue.

2) The bus crashed into the blue car (drive) down the hill.

3) Peter hurt his leg (do) karate.

4) The umbrella (find) at the bus stop belongs to John Smith.

5) The people (dance) in the street are all very friendly.

6) I heard my mother (talk) on the phone.

7) My uncle always has his car (wash).

8) We stood (wait) for the taxi.

9) (look) down from the tower we saw many people walking in the streets.

10) The people drove off in a (steal) car.

Put in the verbs in brackets as Past Participle into the gaps.

Example: _______ politicians (shock)

Answer: shocked politicians

1) watches (repair)

2) computers (steal)

3) fans (fascinate)

4) students (bore)

5) boys (confuse)

6) umbrellas (forget)

7) girls (disappoint)

8) comics (swap)

9) doctors (worry)

10) queens (amuse)

Put in the verbs in brackets as Present Participle into the gaps.

Example: _______ birds (fly)

Answer: flying birds

1) dogs (bark)

2) children (play)

3) girls (scream)

4) cowboys (dance)

5) ducks (swim)

6) babies (cry)

7) water (run)

8) teachers (sing)

9) leaves (fall)

10) people (lie) Contoh Dalam Test TOEFL 1.      The first _____ appeared during the last period of the dinosaurs’ reign. (A) flowers are plants (B)  plants have flowers (C)  plants flowers (D) flowering plants 2.      The earliest medicines _____ from plants of various sorts. (A)                            obtaining (B)                             they obtained (C)                             were obtained (D)                            they were obtained 3.      Simple sails were made from canvas _____ over a frame. (A) a stretch (B)  stretched (C)  was stretched (D) it was stretched 4.      Pluto’s moon Charon _____ in a slightly elliptical path around the planet. (A)             moving (B)              is moving (C)              it was moving (D)             in its movement 5.      Techniques of breath control form an essential part of any _____ program to improve the voice. (A) it trains (B)  train (C)  trains (D) training 6.      Robert E. Lee _____ the Confederate Army to General Grant in 1865 at the Appomattox Courthouse. (A) surrendered (B)  be surrendered (C)  surrendering (D) surrender 7.      The pituitary gland, _____ the brain, releases hormones to control other glands. (A) found below (B)  it is found below (C)  its foundation below (D) fids itself below 8.      At around two years of age, many children regularly produce sentences _____        three or four words. (A) are containing (B)  containing (C)  contain (D) contains 9.   Multinational companies _____ it increasingly important to employ internationally      acceptable brand names. (A) finding (B)  are finding (C)  they finding (D) they are finding 10 The cornea is located under the conjunctiva, on _____ of the eye. (A) the part is exposed (B)  exposed the part (C)  the exposed part (D) exposes the part